Lecture tag: Philosophy

Hermeneutics, Philosophy and Religion: Gadamer: Week 6: Science vs Religion Truths (HT17)

Classic problems in Philosophy, Religion and the Humanities more broadly can be approached through the branch of phenomenology that Hans-Georg Gadamer termed ‘Philosophical Hermeneutics’. Texts become living objects of dialogue. Spirituality becomes a process through which the self grows. Community becomes a form of expanded selfhood, and religious truth claims become an invitation to adapt oneself to a new picture of the world. These seminars will explore key themes, drawing on Gadamer’s writings on beauty, health and ethics, Plato and Hegel, spiritual growth and multicultural society.

Hermeneutics, Philosophy and Religion: Gadamer: Week 5: Rethinking Community and Pluralism (HT17)

Classic problems in Philosophy, Religion and the Humanities more broadly can be approached through the branch of phenomenology that Hans-Georg Gadamer termed ‘Philosophical Hermeneutics’. Texts become living objects of dialogue. Spirituality becomes a process through which the self grows. Community becomes a form of expanded selfhood, and religious truth claims become an invitation to adapt oneself to a new picture of the world. These seminars will explore key themes, drawing on Gadamer’s writings on beauty, health and ethics, Plato and Hegel, spiritual growth and multicultural society.

Hermeneutics, Philosophy and Religion: Gadamer: Week 4: Defining Self, Body, and Agency (HT17)

Classic problems in Philosophy, Religion and the Humanities more broadly can be approached through the branch of phenomenology that Hans-Georg Gadamer termed ‘Philosophical Hermeneutics’. Texts become living objects of dialogue. Spirituality becomes a process through which the self grows. Community becomes a form of expanded selfhood, and religious truth claims become an invitation to adapt oneself to a new picture of the world. These seminars will explore key themes, drawing on Gadamer’s writings on beauty, health and ethics, Plato and Hegel, spiritual growth and multicultural society.

Moral Reasoning through Narratives: dharma and exegesis in medieval Advaita Vedānta (HT17)

In this paper I analyse how Vidyāraṇya, a fourteenth century Advaita Vedāntin, utilises scriptural narratives about sages as a means to extrapolate and ground the dharma of renouncers (saṃnyāsin), including the proper sequence of two different kinds of renunciation and their corresponding disciplines. I argue that this approach, informed by the dharmaśāstric tradition, engenders a reading of scripture as a panoply of stories about the conduct of exemplar-sages which differs from modes of exegesis in the early period of Advaita Vedānta. This narratological reading of scripture, which takes seriously plot and character development, provides a method of diagnosing the liberative status of sages as well as their particular afflictions. I position this discussion within an overall claim that Vidyāraṇya’s moral reasoning, or solving problems of how to act in the world, is intimately connected to narrative or the practice of reading and telling stories.

Dr. James Madaio is a fellow at the Oriental Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague. He received his PhD from the Religions and Theology department at the University of Manchester and has held research positions at New Europe College in Bucharest and at the University of Maryland, USA.

Hermeneutics, Philosophy and Religion: Gadamer: Week 3: Hermeneutic Spirituality (HT17)

Classic problems in Philosophy, Religion and the Humanities more broadly can be approached through the branch of phenomenology that Hans-Georg Gadamer termed ‘Philosophical Hermeneutics’. Texts become living objects of dialogue. Spirituality becomes a process through which the self grows. Community becomes a form of expanded selfhood, and religious truth claims become an invitation to adapt oneself to a new picture of the world. These seminars will explore key themes, drawing on Gadamer’s writings on beauty, health and ethics, Plato and Hegel, spiritual growth and multicultural society.

Hermeneutics, Philosophy and Religion: Gadamer: Week 2: Redefining Truth and Text (HT17)

Classic problems in Philosophy, Religion and the Humanities more broadly can be approached through the branch of phenomenology that Hans-Georg Gadamer termed ‘Philosophical Hermeneutics’. Texts become living objects of dialogue. Spirituality becomes a process through which the self grows. Community becomes a form of expanded selfhood, and religious truth claims become an invitation to adapt oneself to a new picture of the world. These seminars will explore key themes, drawing on Gadamer’s writings on beauty, health and ethics, Plato and Hegel, spiritual growth and multicultural society.

From Myth to Metaphysics: The Emergence of Ancient Philosophy in Greece, India, Egypt and China (HT19)

Cosmologies across ancient cultures describe the shape and structure of the universe, its origins and functioning – but when do these ‘myths’ become ‘metaphysics’? This symposium will bring together scholars of diverse ancient cultures in a ‘global’ conversation exploring the path from ‘Cosmology’ and ‘Myth’, to ‘Philosophy’ and ‘Metaphysics’. Jessica Frazier, Christopher Marlow, Lea Cantor and others will explore cases from Greece, India, Egypt and beyond.

Being, Substance, and Essence in Indian Philosophy: The Heart of the Matter (TT19)

Sutro Room, Trinity College, Oxford
Friday, 3 May 2019 – 1:30pm to Saturday, 4 May 2019 – 1:30pm

This two day conference on Being, Substance, and Essence in Indian Philosophy brings together international scholars for an afternoon and morning of ‘Comparative Philosophy’ in Oxford on 3-4 May. The conference will explore Indian approaches to metaphysics, and will culminate in an edited volume following up in our Routledge collection on Dialogues in Indian Philosophy.

As the West has puzzled over the ‘material’ of existence since Democritus and Aristotle, so too Indian history has suggested different candidates for that elusive all-explaining idea: the ‘substance’ of things. Indian thinkers spoke of creation as clay taking many forms, energy evolving through many modes, semantic ‘markers’ dividing the blank field of chaos, or words emerging from a bare potentiality. We find thinkers in the philosophical dialogues of Vedānta or the epic debates of the Mahābhārata arguing over whether it is atoms, time, eternal substance, the field of consciousness, or some basic ‘stuff’ or ‘ground’ (satya, dravya, vastu, pradhāna, prakṛti, aśraya, avasthā, or intrinsic svabhāva), that accounts for the world. Others wondered whether substance and identity are merely illusions created by the human desire to see continuity where there is only change. These debates sought to sift what is existent from what is illusory, contingent from contingent, agentive from accessory, transcendental from uncertain… and these debates were also central to whether humans can determine anything to be fundamentally ‘divine’.

This conference will bring together scholars exploring India’s many theories of Being in a sophisticated but accessible way. Speakers will lead discussion on key philosophies and the insights they suggest, presenting both Indian ideas and perspectives from Western traditions.

All welcome, from Philosophy to Oriental Studies, Theology and Religious Studies, History, and other disciplines.

Friday 3 May

1.30-3.30pm: Early Vedanta, Samkhya, and Vaisesika.

4-6pm:  Advaita, Visistadvaita, Bhedabheda.

Saturday 4 May

9-11am: Madhyamaka, Kashmiri Saivism, Jainism.

11.30am-1.30pm: Ontological essence (svabhava), Non-being, Western reflections.

Pārthasārathi Miśra and Kumārila Bhaṭṭa on Intrinsic “Validity” (svataḥprāmāṇya) (HT20)

The seventh century CE philosopher Kumārila Bhaṭṭa argued that we are warranted in taking our world-presenting experiences as veridical so long as we lack defeaters or reasons to suspect our epistemic process is flawed. On this view, svataḥprāmāṇya in Sanskrit, henceforth the SP principle, such experiences are defeasibly sources of knowledge, even when we do not reflect on their content or investigate their causal origins. Recently, Daniel Immerman (2018), on the basis of work by John Taber (1992) and Dan Arnold (2008), has argued that the SP principle is a version of the “knows-knows principle” (KK principle). In particular, he thinks Kumārila, as interpreted by his 11th century commentator Pārthasārathi Miśra, is committed to the view that if you know something then you are in a position to know that you know it. In this paper, I argue both that the SP principle is not a version of the KK principle and that Pārthasārathi’s Kumārila would not have held the KK principle. Through investigation of the SP principle we will see that Kumārila is not primarily concerned with KK and the justified true belief model of knowledge predominant in Anglo-Analytic philosophy, but is instead concerned with first-order warrant and occurrent cognitions.

Dr Malcolm Keating is Assistant Professor of Philosophy in the Humanities Division of Yale-NUS College, Singapore, with a joint courtesy appointment in the Department of Philosophy, National University of Singapore. He completed his PhD in Philosophy at the University of Texas at Austin in 2015. He holds a Master’s degree in Philosophy from the University of Missouri, St Louis. His work explores language, meaning, and knowledge and his research interest is in the history of philosophy as a way of doing philosophy. Specifically, his work engages with classical Indian philosophical traditions as well as contemporary Anglophone (analytic) philosophy of language.

Rethinking the Sacred – Philosophies of the Divine Nature in Indian and Western Sources: Session one (HT20)

These four seminars rethink the ways that the sacred is defined in the world today. Questioning current assumptions about science, reality and religion, it draws on both western and Indian scholastic philosophy to explore ideas of the divine as: 1) The creative ground of a sacred continuum between nature and ‘super-nature’; 2) The material and foundation of existence; 3) The impetus of all dynamic movement and development; 4) A basis for new emerging forms of existence and value.

Classical debates about creation, immutability, Being and transcendence in the Western philosophical tradition remain unresolved, and these seminars seek new solutions in Indian conversations about these ideas. We draw on sources in the Bhedābheda Vedāntic tradition of Indian thought to suggest different ways of formulating the divine nature. Typically, we see the divine paradoxically as something more than the world’s realm of mere transient and finite forms, yet the ground and creative source of them all. This way of thinking was continually challenged by Buddhist theories of mereology, change, and anti-essentialism, leading to an evolution of the original doctrines through novel and innovative new approaches. Yet we also see how this Hindu theory of a ‘sacred continuum’ challenges the way that Western ideas of God tend to oppose ‘natural’ and ‘supernatural’, human vs divine will, and the supposed conflict between the religious and the secular.

Week 2, Thursday 30 January – Divine Materials: Rethinking the Sacred

In this first seminar we look at current academic theories of the ‘sacred’, and explore tendencies to treat the idea of ‘god’ as something other than the world, beyond reason and evidence, and counter to human creativity. In contrast, we explore notions of a ‘sacred’ continuum between the world and its divine source in ideas of aseity, sovereignty, immutability, simplicity, and creation in both Western and Indian scholastic sources.