Archaeology presents incisive insights into issues of religious identity; diverse uses of sanctified spaces; and adaptations in lay patronage over time and across regions. It indicates differences in religious practices at the micro level, multiple identities of sacred sites and negotiation between these, and the involvement of Buddhist and Jain monastic centres as well as Hindu temples in social integration. At a more general level archaeology helps uncover changes in ritual practices, shifts in the disposal of the dead, as well as transformations in food habits and dietary modifications.

Under the Archaeology and Religion Research category, we have an Archaeology and Religion Research programme led by Prof. Himanshu Prabha Ray. The programme brings together different individual projects, hosts conferences and seminars, develops an international research network, and produces high-profile publications in the field.